彭布罗克威尔士柯基犬：从历史到品种标准的知识大全

12-09

历史起源

HISTORY 矮小的身高，运动的天才

1107 年，经英国亨利一世介绍，在威尔士弗兰德居住的织布者跨海将威尔士柯基犬的直接祖先带到英国。根据其近似狐狸的头部，有人认为，本犬与尖嘴犬祖先关系密切。但也有人认为，是随着威尔士与瑞典贸易传至威尔士的瑞典短脚长身犬和土著犬交配，产生了柯基犬。原产地英国威尔士,起源于1200年。一直到1850年代，本犬种是已知的威尔士品种群中唯一保存下来的。在农场放牧的工作犬中，分为驱赶型牧羊犬和聚集型牧羊犬。

1934 年，英国正式公认卡迪甘威尔士柯基犬和彭布罗克威尔士柯基犬为两种不同品种。但到 19 世纪中叶，这两个品种曾经进行过一系列的杂交。今天，这种情况已经停止了，培育者们也已经决定将这两种柯基犬区分开来。

威尔士柯基犬名字来自威而斯语“ Corrci ”娇小之犬的意思。本犬虽然体型娇小，却一直深受高阶层人士喜爱。

彭布罗克威尔士柯基，该犬以独特的气质征服了全世界众多的宠物爱好者，至今仍深受英国王室的钟情，并连续多年霸据日本最爱欢迎犬种排行榜的前三名……很多专业杂志刊物对此都做过大篇幅的报道。

只有长短，不见高矮”的彭布罗克威尔士柯基犬，虽然长着德国牧羊犬般的大脑袋，但却因其矮小的身高，不受任何限养法的限制。

与卡迪甘柯基犬相比，彭布罗克柯基犬的体形较短，腿骨更直、更轻，而被毛的质地更好。但在性情上，彭罗克柯基犬显得不安分，容易激动。在放牧过程中，面对邻居家擅自越界的牛群，会通过大声吠叫以及啃咬脚后跟的方法，将牛从自己的农场中驱赶出去。不仅如此，由于伦敦和威尔士地区的物价差异，农户们通常会带着牛从威尔士地区，步行到伦敦等大城市。通常都是牛群在前面走，彭布罗克柯基在队伍中来回穿梭维护秩序和队形，主人跟在队尾。

整体外貌

APPEARENCE 电臀舞娘，风靡欧洲

外观

它身材低矮，体格强壮，结实而活跃，给人印象身体所占空间位置不大。但身体不能太矮，骨头不能太重，否则会显得过分的粗糙；也不能太轻，否则会显得太活跃。它热情又勇敢，显得很聪明，对外界很感兴趣，既不胆怯也不凶恶。

GENERAL APPEARANCE

Low-set, strong, sturdily built and active, giving an impression of substance and stamina in a small space. Should not be so low and heavy-boned as to appear coarse or overdone, nor so light-boned as to appear racy. Outlook bold, but kindly. Expression intelligent and interested. Never shy nor vicious.

头部

头部的形状和外观如狐，表现的机警、聪明，但不狡猾。头骨较宽且两耳间平坦，额段深度适中。口吻部与头骨长之比为3：5。口吻略尖。鼻子黑。枕骨到额鼻架中心的距离大于额鼻架到鼻尖的距离，比例为5部分的颅骨总长度对3部分的前脸面总长度。

HEAD

The head should be foxy in shape and appearance. Expression - Intelligent and interested, but not sly. Skull -should be fairly wide and flat between the ears. Moderate amount of stop. Very slight rounding of cheek, not filled in below the eyes, as foreface should be nicely chiseled to give a somewhat tapered muzzle. Distance fromocciput to center of stop to be greater than the distance from stop to nose tip, the proportion being five parts of total distance for the skull and three parts for the foreface. Muzzle should be neither dish-faced nor Roman-nosed.

前躯

前腿短，前臂略向内弯，肘关节到腕关节的长度小于到肩关节的长度，显得前肢不是太直。前肢骨骼发达，并且与爪子垂直。脚腕结实，侧面观接近直形，软弱和前弯都是严重缺点。肩胛骨长而沿胸阔向后仰，上臂与肩胛骨近等长，肘与躯干平行，不突出，从肩胛骨最高处到肘关节划一直线，肘关节后置所划的线垂直于地面。脚椭圆形，其两中心趾稍长于外侧两趾，既不内翻也不外展。脚垫强健，脚拱起，爪短。前后腿的退化趾。

FOREQUARTERS

Legs - Short, forearms turned slightly inward, with the distance between wrists less than between the shoulder joints, so that the front does not appear absolutely straight. Ample bone carried right down into the feet. Pasterns firm and nearly straight when viewed from the side. Weak pasterns and knuckling over are serious faults. Shoulder blades long and well laid back along the rib cage. Upper arms nearly equal in length to shoulder blades. Elbows parallel to the body, not prominent, and well set back to allow a line perpendicular to the ground to be drawn from tip of the shoulder blade through to elbow.

后躯

后躯骨骼发达，较硬且富有弹性，膝关节和飞节角度适中。角度太大或太小都会影响犬的品质。股部肌肉发达，两飞节短，互相平行，当从一侧观察时，与地面应呈垂直状。圆桶状飞节或飞节翘起是最令人讨厌的缺点。飞节突出或有双关节都会影响犬的品质。爪子与前肢相似。

HINDQUARTERS

Ample bone, strong and flexible, moderately angulated at stifle and hock. Exaggerated angulation is as faulty as too little. Thighs should be well muscled. Hocks short, parallel, and when viewed from the side are perpendicular to the ground. Barrel hocks or cowhocks are most objectionable. Slipped or double-jointed hocks are very faulty. Feet - as in front.

尾巴

尾巴尽可能是短的断尾，偶然有幼犬天生断尾，这是允许的。如果不是尾巴上翘太高破坏了犬的背线轮廓，上翘长度在5厘米以下是可以的。

TAIL

Docked as short as possible without being indented. Occasionally a puppy is bornwith a natural dock, which if sufficiently short, is acceptable. A tail up to two inches in length is allowed, but if carried high tends to spoil the contour of the topline.

被毛

被毛长度适中，绒毛层短而厚，外层被毛较长而粗糙，能抵御各种环境条件。全身毛量长度不等，颈圈、胸部和肩部稍厚而长，身躯的被毛平伏。前肢腹面、下腹部与后躯腹的毛比较长。被毛最好是直的，允许有波纹。本品种的犬容易褪毛，被毛浓密、健康、修剪良好。若出现季节性退去绒毛层不该当做缺点。毛偏硬、过分短、薄而平滑的被毛是非常严重的缺陷。被毛蓬松——耳朵，胸部、腿部、足部、下腹部、后躯处的被毛极长、极多是最严重的缺陷。该犬应在自然状态下展出，除了修饰脚部以及剪去触须外，修剪被毛是不被允许的。

COAT

Medium length; short, thick, weather- resistant undercoat with a coarser, longerouter coat. Over-all length varies, with slightly thicker and longer ruff around the neck, chest and on the shoulders. The body coat lies flat. Hair is slightly longer on back of forelegs and underparts and somewhat fullerand longer on rear of hindquarters. The coat is preferably straight, but some waviness is permitted. This breed has a shedding coat, and seasonal lack of undercoat should not be too severely penalized, providing the hair isglossy, healthy and well groomed. A wiry, tightly marcelled coat is very faulty, as is an overly short, smooth and thin coat. Very Serious Fault - Fluffies - a coat of extreme length with exaggerated feathering on ears, chest,legs and feet, underparts and hindquarters. Trimming such a coat does not make it any more acceptable. The Corgi should be shown in its natural condition, with no trimming permitted except to tidy the feet, and, if desired,remove the whiskers.

性格特征

CHARACTER 活泼娇小惹人爱

　彭布罗克柯基身体矮小，力气较大，给人一种体格结实，充满活力、优质的骨骼及优秀的耐力的印象，是最受欢迎的小型看家犬之一，本性友好，勇敢大胆，既不胆怯也不凶残。性格温和，但不要强迫它接受不愿意接受的事物。它的智慧是毫无疑问的，也相当机警，能高度警惕地守护家园。

性格温和，很喜欢与儿童相伴，当然儿童需要在成年人的看护下与它玩耍。
天生热爱运动，所以需要每天进行户外的大量运动与玩耍。
生性活泼，喜吠叫，所以需要从小进行训练，从幼小时就训练它不吠叫，不嗜咬东西。彭布罗克柯基犬非常勇敢，在工作的时候非常喜欢大叫来警告牛群。而小羊们敏感的性格不仅不能适应彭布罗克柯基犬洪亮的叫声，面对它们突如其来的脚后跟攻击也会感到紧张甚至崩溃。因此，彭布罗克柯基犬更喜欢和牛宝宝待在一起。有句话用来形容彭布罗克柯基犬最适合不过——小狗的身体里，有着一颗大狗的心。

日常工作

WORK 勤劳又勇敢，聪明又美丽

和其他牧畜犬比较起来，彭布罗克威尔士柯基犬身材真是太矮小了。因此，你很难想象它们是如何驰骋在牧畜工作中的。

不同于牧羊犬的是，彭布罗克威尔士柯基犬并不擅长召集动物，它擅长的是驱散动物。它的牧畜工作是独特而带有强烈的历史性的。它的速度是值得注意的，因为腿短，它的爪子向外旋，但是它背部的长度增加了奔跑的活力。当它咬住牛羊的后腿跟驱散它们后，佃户会给一个返回信号，这就算是大功告成了。由于彭布罗克威尔士柯基犬身轻如燕、动作机敏，当牛羊的后脚跟被咬后而发怒时，该犬能以极快的速度逃开，它会弯身趴在地上，避免被踢死，这确实要感谢它那矮小的四肢了。